Customs Clearance Process in Romania Explained

Customs clearance is a critical step in the import process that can significantly impact your shipment timeline and costs. As an EU member state, Romania follows EU customs regulations, making the process standardized but requiring attention to detail.

Understanding Romanian Customs

Romania's customs authority operates under EU customs law, which means all imports from non-EU countries (including China) must go through formal customs clearance. The main entry points include the Port of Constanta, Henri Coandă International Airport in Bucharest, and various road border crossings.

EU Customs Regulations

Since Romania is part of the EU customs union, goods imported from outside the EU are subject to the EU's Common Customs Tariff. The customs value is typically based on the CIF value (cost, insurance, and freight) of the goods.

Required Documentation

Proper documentation is essential for smooth customs clearance in Romania.

Essential Documents

1. Commercial Invoice — Must include detailed product descriptions, values, currency, and Incoterms
2. Packing List — Details the contents, weights, and dimensions of each package
3. Bill of Lading or Air Waybill — Serves as the transport document and proof of shipment
4. Certificate of Origin — May be required for preferential tariff treatment
5. Import Licenses — Required for certain restricted goods

Additional Certificates

Depending on your product type, you may need CE marking for electronics, phytosanitary certificates for plants, or health certificates for food products.

The Customs Clearance Process

Step 1: Pre-Arrival Preparation

Ensure all documentation is complete and accurate before your shipment arrives. Submit pre-arrival declarations where applicable to speed up the process.

Step 2: Customs Declaration

File a customs declaration through Romania's electronic customs system. This can be done by you or your appointed customs broker.

Step 3: Assessment and Payment

Customs authorities will assess duties and taxes based on your declaration. You'll need to pay import duties, VAT (19% in Romania), and any applicable excise duties before goods are released.

Step 4: Release of Goods

Once duties are paid and any inspections are completed, customs will release your goods for entry into Romania and the broader EU market.

Duties and Taxes

Import Duties

EU import duty rates vary by product classification (HS code). Most consumer goods carry duties between 0-12%. The exact rate depends on the product type and its classification under the EU's Combined Nomenclature.

VAT

Romania applies a standard VAT rate of 19% on imported goods. The VAT is calculated on the customs value plus import duties and any excise duties.

Common Delays and How to Avoid Them

Customs delays are often caused by incomplete documentation, incorrect HS code classification, or missing certificates. To avoid delays, ensure all documents are accurate, work with an experienced customs broker, and classify your products correctly.

Working with a Customs Broker

An experienced customs broker can navigate the complexities of Romanian and EU customs regulations, ensure accurate documentation, and expedite the clearance process. This is especially valuable for first-time importers or those dealing with complex cargo types.